A Northern Song Dynasty literary figure and official, renowned alongside Ding Wei, he was the top candidate in the Chunhua third-year imperial examination and served in various governmental roles.

A disciple of Confucius in the late Spring and Autumn period, known by the courtesy name Ran or Cheng, possibly the same as Qin Ran, from the state of Lu.

A minister of the Western Han Dynasty, initially served as a minor official in Pei, later became the prime minister under Liu Bang, and was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Zan, known for establishing laws and regulations including the 'Nine Chapters on Law'.